There was no dissenting vote, the State Duma said.
Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin justified the decision by citing the US unilateral withdrawal from the treaty last November; Russia responded by terminating its membership and initiating an exit procedure.
The post-Cold War arms control agreement allowed the 34 participating nations to conduct a previously agreed number of unarmed observation flights over one another's territory.
Negotiated by the then-members of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, the Open Skies treaty was signed in Helsinki (Finland) in 1992 and came into force in 2002.
It was said to be a pillar of trust between NATO members and Russia.
The United States officially withdrew in November 2020. The government in Moscow also recently voted in favour of Russia's final withdrawal.
Russia 'open for talks'
While Putin has the final say, the decision now moves to the upper house of parliament, the Federation Council.
Earlier this year, Russia said it was open for talks on the issue with the Biden administration and set a deadline of early June.
The decision to withdraw the US was made by the previous White House.
